A Bug s Life, Sociology, Race, Social Stratification,...

This paper explains how the movie A Bug’s Life used sociological concepts to explain the challenges faced in an animated society of ants. They were overwhelmed with fear from the grasshoppers who constantly reminded them of their inferior class. Coming together and building relationships with one another was their only way out of their own demise. Stopping the grasshoppers from continuously using their race as a way to place them all within a low-class category. Despite their manipulative ways and social stratification uses, the ants came out on top while the grasshoppers felt the wrath of ants who had finally come together as a family. Unleashing their power, as one big family, onto the grasshoppers and reclaiming their home island. Keywords: A Bug’s Life, Sociology, race, social stratification, relationships Movie Critique of A Bug’s Life Introduction â€Å"It s a bug-eat-bug world out there, Princess. One of those circle-of-life kind of things. Now, let me tell you how things are supposed to work. The sun grows the food. The ants pick the food. The grasshoppers eat the food. (A Bug’s Life, 1998)† a quote from the ring leader of the grasshoppers, Hopper, in the film A Bug’s Life (November 1998). John Lasseter’s Disney production was released in November of 1998 where it gave an overview of the world of ants and their everyday struggles. When it comes to ants, you think about their teamwork and strategic tasks; never would anyone think that any type of unethical actions wereShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Essay about The Physic of Paintball - 1567 Words

The Physic of Paintball I.The Fundamentals of the Game of Paintball. Paintball is a sport that is still fairly new in the world being not much more that a decade old. This game as with other sports would not be possible without physics. Physics is essential to the game of paintball. Some of physics that are involved in paintball are pressurized gas, projectile motion, and the impulse of being hit by a paintball. As with all sports there is necessary equipment needed to play. The most important piece of equipment would be the paintball gun often called a marker. The marker uses compressed carbon dioxide to propel the .68 caliber paintballs. Small carbon dioxide tanks are connected to the paintball markers the tanks vary in†¦show more content†¦Pressure caused by gases and gases being placed under pressure is used in our everyday life. Without the use of gases we would be unable to fly in airplanes, play basketball or even have carbonated drinks. â€Å"Gases exert pressure on any surface with which they come in contact, because gas molecules are constantly in motion. We humans have adapted so well psychologically to the pressure of the air around us that we are usually unaware of it† (Chang 155). The equation often used to measure the pressure of gases is the ideal gas equation P=nRT/V. Where P is the pressure of the gas in atm, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the proport ionality constant (0.0821 L*atm) T is the temperature in Kelvin of the gas, and V is the volume the gas occupies (Chang 160). The gas used with paintball in is pressurized carbon dioxide. The gas is under high pressure in small cylinders. The high pressure is created by forcing large amounts of gas into a finite area. According to the equation given above the more gas forced into a restricted volume the pressure will increase. III.Projectile Motion of Paintballs. Projectile motion plays a valuable role while playing paintball. Unlike shooting a real gun a paintball can be seen throughout its entire flight. They are big enough and slow enough to be seen easily. When a paintball is shot it comes out of the barrel moving at 250 to 300 feet per second, and unfortunately is easily affected by wind and air resistance.Show MoreRelatedThe University Of Science And Technology2037 Words   |  9 Pagesinclude; the American Institute of Chemical Engineering, Habitat for Humanity, and Student Council. MO ST also has a wide variety of different types of sports and other physical activities such as; Chess Club, Fencing Club, Gaming Association, and Paintball Club, as well as the usual sports such as baseball and volleyball. All major sports are also in the NCAA Division II. The sororities and fraternities on-campus are also well known for guiding one into learning more about leadership, community, andRead MoreMarketing Essay - Gopro2553 Words   |  11 Pages  Photography    Strapped Nick Woodman with a selection of GoPro cameras and mounts. On his chest is a 3-D setup .    records with this wide angle, it can be used in every situation — not only in extreme sports, but also in live concerts, vacations, paintball, when driving, TV broadcasting, airplane wings, helmets, racing cars, etc. They are the best cameras to document adventures because they can be mounted anywhere. The price is very attractive and cameras can be found online or at any GoPro retailRead MoreGold Ring Production : The Oldest Gold Artifacts2875 Words   |  12 Pagesand cultural capital will keep them round for the foreseeable future. Reference List †¢ Hazen, Robert. What Makes Diamond Sparkle? PBS. PBS, 01 Feb. 2000. Web. 01 Aug. 2014. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/diamond-science.html. †¢ Hoss, Gabriel. Diamond Cuttings/Wood Doors/Paintballs/Newspapers How It s Made. Discovery Channel. 2002. Television. †¢ Hoss, Gabriel. Jackets/Animation/Mushrooms/Gold Rings. How It s Made. Discovery Channel. 2002. Television. †¢ Hoss, Gabriel. Plastic Cups

Real Estate Data Free Essays

68. Refer to the Real Estate data, which reports information on homes sold in the Phoenix, Arizona, area last year. a. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Estate Data or any similar topic only for you Order Now Select the variable selling price. 1. Find the mean, median, and the standard deviation. 2. Write a brief summary of the distribution of selling prices. b. Select the variable referring to the area of the home in square feet. 1. Find the mean, median, and the standard deviation. 2. Write a brief summary of the distribution of the area of homes. Price| Bedrooms| Size| Pool| Distance| Twnship| Garage| Baths| 263. 1| 4| 2300| 1| 17| 5| 1| 2| 182. | 4| 2100| 0| 19| 4| 0| 2| 242. 1| 3| 2300| 0| 12| 3| 0| 2| 213. 6| 2| 2200| 0| 16| 2| 0| 2. 5| 139. 9| 2| 2100| 0| 28| 1| 0| 1. 5| 245. 4| 2| 2100| 1| 12| 1| 1| 2| 327. 2| 6| 2500| 0| 15| 3| 1| 2| 271. 8| 2| 2100| 0| 9| 2| 1| 2. 5| 221. 1| 3| 2300| 1| 18| 1| 0| 1. 5| 266. 6| 4| 2400| 0| 13| 4| 1| 2| 292. 4| 4| 2100| 0| 14| 3| 1| 2| 209| 2| 1700| 0| 8| 4| 1| 1. 5| 270. 8| 6| 2500| 0| 7| 4| 1| 2| 246. 1| 4| 2100| 0| 18| 3| 1| 2| 194. 4| 2| 2300| 0| 11| 3| 0| 2| 281. 3| 3| 2100| 0| 16| 2| 1| 2| 172. 7| 4| 2200| 1| 16| 3| 0| 2| 207. 5| 5| 2300| 1 | 21| 4| 0| 2. 5| 198. | 3| 2200| 1| 10| 4| 1| 2| 209. 3| 6| 1900| 1| 15| 4| 1| 2| 252. 3| 4| 2600| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 192. 9| 4| 1900| 1| 14| 2| 1| 2. 5| 209. 3| 5| 2100| 0| 20| 5| 0| 1. 5| 345. 3| 8| 2600| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 326. 3| 6| 2100| 0| 11| 5| 1| 3| 173. 1| 2| 2200| 1| 21| 5| 1| 1. 5| 187| 2| 1900| 0| 26| 4| 0| 2| 257. 2| 2| 2100| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 233| 3| 2200| 0| 14| 3| 1| 1. 5| 180. 4| 2| 2000| 0| 11| 5| 0| 2| 234| 2| 1700| 0| 19| 3| 1| 2| 207. 1| 2| 2000| 0| 11| 5| 1| 2| 247. 7| 5| 2400| 0| 16| 2| 1| 2| 166. 2| 3| 2000| 1| 16| 2| 1| 2| 177. 1| 2| 1900| 0| 10| 5| 1| 2| 182. 7| 4| 2000| 1| 14| 4| 0| 2. | 216| 4| 2300| 0| 19| 2| 0| 2| 312. 1| 6| 2600| 0| 7| 5| 1| 2. 5| 199. 8| 3| 2100| 0| 19| 3| 1| 2| 273. 2| 5| 2200| 0| 16| 2| 1| 3| 206| 3| 2100| 1| 9| 3| 0| 1. 5| 232. 2| 3| 1900| 1| 16| 1| 1| 1. 5| 198. 3| 4| 2100| 1| 19| 1| 1| 1. 5| 205. 1| 3| 2000| 1| 20| 4| 0| 2| 175. 6| 4| 2300| 1| 24| 4| 1| 2| 307. 8| 3| 2400| 1| 21| 2| 1| 3| 269. 2| 5| 2200| 0| 8| 5| 1| 3| 224. 8| 3| 2200| 0 | 17| 1| 1| 2. 5| 171. 6| 3| 2000| 1| 16| 4| 0| 2| 216. 8| 3| 2200| 0| 15| 1| 1| 2| 192. 6| 6| 2200| 1| 14| 1| 0| 2| 236. 4| 5| 2200| 0| 20| 3| 1| 2| 172. 4| 3| 2200| 0| 23| 3| 0| 2| 251. | 3| 1900| 0| 12| 2| 1| 2| 246| 6| 2300| 0| 7| 3| 1| 3| 147. 4| 6| 1700| 1| 12| 1| 0| 2| 176| 4| 2200| 0| 15| 1| 1| 2| 228. 4| 3| 2300| 0| 17| 5| 1| 1. 5| 166. 5| 3| 1600| 1| 19| 3| 0| 2. 5| 189. 4| 4| 2200| 0| 24| 1| 1| 2| 312. 1| 7| 2400| 0| 13| 3| 1| 3| 289. 8| 6| 2000| 0| 21| 3| 1| 3| 269. 9| 5| 2200| 1| 11| 4| 1| 2. 5| 154. 3| 2| 2000| 0| 13| 2| 0| 2| 222. 1| 2| 2100| 0| 9| 5| 1| 2| 209. 7| 5| 2200| 1| 13| 2| 1| 2| 190. 9| 3| 2200| 1| 18| 3| 1| 2| 254. 3| 4| 2500| 1| 15| 3| 1| 2| 207. 5| 3| 2100| 1| 10| 2| 0| 2| 209. 7| 4| 2200| 1| 19| 2| 1| 2| 294| 2| 2100| 0| 13| 2| 1| 2. | 176. 3| 2| 2000| 1| 17| 3| 0| 2| 294. 3| 7| 2400| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 224| 3| 1900| 1| 6| 1| 1| 2| 125| 2| 1900| 0| 18| 4| 0| 1. 5| 236. 8| 4| 2600| 1| 17| 5| 1| 2| 164. 1| 4| 2300| 0| 19| 4| 0| 2| 217. 8| 3| 2500| 0| 12| 3| 0 | 2| 192. 2| 2| 2400| 0| 16| 2| 0| 2. 5| 125. 9| 2| 2400| 0| 28| 1| 0| 1. 5| 220. 9| 2| 2300| 1| 12| 1| 1| 2| 294. 5| 6| 2700| 0| 15| 3| 1| 2| 244. 6| 2| 2300| 0| 9| 2| 1| 2. 5| 199| 3| 2500| 1| 18| 1| 0| 1. 5| 240| 4| 2600| 0| 13| 4| 1| 2| 263. 2| 4| 2300| 0| 14| 3| 1| 2| 188. 1| 2| 1900| 0| 8| 4| 1| 1. 5| 243. 7| 6| 2700| 0| 7| 4| 1| 2| 21. 5| 4| 2300| 0| 18| 3| 1| 2| 175| 2| 2500| 0| 11| 3| 0| 2| 253. 2| 3| 2300| 0| 16| 2| 1| 2| 155. 4| 4| 2400| 1| 16| 3| 0| 2| 186. 7| 5| 2500| 1| 21| 4| 0| 2. 5| 179| 3| 2400| 1| 10| 4| 1| 2| 188. 3| 6| 2100| 1| 15| 4| 1| 2| 227. 1| 4| 2900| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 173. 6| 4| 2100| 1| 14| 2| 1| 2. 5| 188. 3| 5| 2300| 0| 20| 5| 0| 1. 5| 310. 8| 8| 2900| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 293. 7| 6| 2400| 0| 11| 5| 1| 3| 179| 3| 2400| 0| 8| 4| 1| 2| 188. 3| 6| 2100| 1| 14| 2| 1| 2. 5| 227. 1| 4| 2900| 0| 20| 5| 0| 1. 5| 173. 6| 4| 2100| 0| 9| 4| 1| 2| 188. 3| 5| 2300| 0| 11| 5| 1| 3| How to cite Real Estate Data, Papers

Auditing The Default Customers

Question: Describe about the Auditing for The Default Customers. Answer: A. Identification of F/S level risk: OVS used to charge an amount for as late return fees. However, this practice led to decreasing the number of customers, as they are reluctant to return on time. Next, OVS eliminated this fee and started the rule of considering the movie as sold if not returned after 30 days. The customer will be charged $25, when they will come to purchase new DVD. There is a chance that the customer will not come again to purchase and company will loose the amount. The company should charge an amount at the time of renting the DVD, so that they will not be at loss, if the DVD is not returned. They should maintain proper records for each customers both in manual renting and on line sell or renting (Bekaert, Hoerova Duca, 2013). B. Audit Approach: OVS should be asked to maintain proper records about the customers when renting DVDs. It will help them to find out easily the default customers and the due date to return. Customers name, phone numbers and address should also be recorded in register so that in case of default they can be contacted through phone call or given address. When selling through online, apart from on line records, they should maintain a manual record of customers so that in case of any hack or virus attack, company can track the customers with their manual records (Mohseni, 2014). C. Materiality: The materiality concept states that some substances, whether individually or with any other substance are material for true and fair presentation of financial statements in consistence with generally accepted accounting principles. Auditor must verify the changes they have made and OVSs expansion during 2005 into renting the DVDs through internet. Auditor should also verify their earning and records regarding their newly started programme Movies by Mail (Brooks Guo, 2015). D. Identification of account specific risk: OVSs newly started programme Movies by mail is excellent but they were facing difficulties to run the programme smoothly. They use Moonwatcher web designer (MWD) to make the sales and receipt of money from customers. However, in past they faced crashes of website many times and the only advice from MWD was to reboot the system. There is high risk involved regarding the permanent crash of the server and OVS can lose their money through this experience. Therefore, they should maintain manual records regarding the customers and their phone number, name ant amount of money due from them. E. Procedures to test risks: To test the risks, following procedure should be followed: Fix a meeting with OVS and discuss with them about the primary risk detected Ask them to provide the records related to the detected risks To measure the materiality of the detected risks To suggest them the ideas to reduce the risks or remove the risks, wherever possible (Chen, 2016). F. Control issues with new IT systems: Their new IT system, that is, Moonwatcher Web Designer (MWD) is having problem of crashing their system frequently. Other than the advice of rebooting the system, they could not provide any alternative solution to the problem. OVS can fix a meeting with to solve this issue and if they are not able to resolve the issue, they can search for alternative service provider. References: Bekaert, G., Hoerova, M., Duca, M. L. (2013). Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy.Journal of Monetary Economics,60(7), 771-788. Brooks, L. L. Z., Guo, P. (2015). Audit Firm Tenure, Audit Materiality, and Last-Minute Earnings Management.Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting,7(1). Chen, L. H., Chung, H. S. H., Peters, G. F., Wynn, J. P. (2016). Does incentive-based compensation for chief internal auditors impact objectivity? An external audit risk perspective.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Mohseni, A. (2014). Audit Approach to Audit Risk Management, Quantitative Determination of the Components of Audit Risk and Determine the Impact on the Components of Audit Risk in Audit Sampling.Quantitative Determination of the Components of Audit Risk and Determine the Impact on the Components of Audit Risk in Audit Sampling (May 22, 2014).

The Greenhouse Effect Essays (1308 words) - Climate Change

The Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect occurs when gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and CFCs trap heat in the atmosphere by acting as a pane of glass in a car. The glass lets the sunlight in to make heat, but when the heat tries to get out the gases absorb the heat. Holding this heat in causes heat waves, droughts, and climate changes which could alter our way of living. The main gases that cause the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane, which comes mainly from animal manure. Other gases like nitrogen oxide and chloroflurocarbons, man made gases, get caught in the atmosphere as well. The decay of animals and respiration are two main natural sources of carbon dioxide. In my opinion, we the people of the world should try to slow down the emission of greenhouse gases and/or find ways to balance the gases so the climate doesn't change so rapidly. If it did, we would be forced to adapt to the new climate that we brought upon ourselves. If we had an international cooperation to put a damper on the production of chloroflurocarbons and slowed down the use of fossil fuels it would dramatically slow done the process of ?global warming'. Carbon dioxide pollution from the increase of industry and transportation is a major cause of global warming. These two causes are connected with the growth in the world population. As the population grows the necessity for food and other products increase, therefore industry must grow to keep up with the demand. The increase in transportation is directly due to the growing population and the need for jobs and the growing congestion on our highways. Another cause in global warming is deforestation. Trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow. The carbon dioxide is released back into the air as they are cut and burned. The forest ability to reduce the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is decreasing due to massive deforestation around the world. These causes seem simple and fixable, but if they are not cut down, the Earth and its inhabitants will feel the effects. Over the last hundred years, the global temperatures have been increasing slowly, but steadily. Since 1980, the temperature has risen 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.4 degrees Fahrenheit) each decade. Scientist predict that if we continue putting the same amount of gas into the atmosphere, that by the year 2030 the temperature will be rising as much as 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit) or more per decade. Overall, the global temperature could rise anywhere from 5 to 9 degrees over the next fifty years. If the temperatures do rise, as predicted, several things could happen. The increase of temperature could alter the growth of crops in areas near the equator due to insufficient rain and heat. This could really hurt countries that rely in imported food. With the high temperatures the polar ice caps could melt and cause the sea water level to go up 1 to 3 feet. This could take out small islands, coastal cities and some shallow rivers. The Everglades in Florida would be almost, if not totally, wiped right off the map. The Everglades is the home for many animals and plant life. If it did get flooded, they would all have to move northward across very dry land, which they will not be able to endure for very long. When the hot temperatures do spread southward and northward, tropical disease will spread with it. Diseases that were down in Mexico will, maybe, occur in North and South Carolina or eventually Vermont. These new diseases will be hard to deal with causing many more deaths and illnesses that before. The financial problem with this is that the flooding will cause dams to be built and cities to be reconstructed. The shortage in food will cause the price of the food to go up and with all the diseases, we will need more medical supplies and workers. All of this combined could and will cost a lot of money if we don't do something about it now. The computer models can't predict exactly that the climate is going to be in the future, but they can come close to what it will be like down the road. Scientists proved this by predicting, with computers, what the climate was in the past. Then, by looking back in records, they found that the predictions were close to being right. The ?Topex' (Topographic Experiment) collected information on the changes of the sea level, the temperatures across the globe,

Construction Projects Success Factors

Construction Projects Success Factors Title Construction projects succeed as a result of interaction and interplay of factors such as understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders in the construction industry.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Construction Projects Success Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Construction projects are regarded to be either ‘successful’ or ‘failed’ differently by different stakeholders in the construction industry. Perceptions among the key stakeholders in the industry, mostly the practitioners and the clients, continue to differ, a fact that affects many construction projects. For instance, projects that have been considered failed by the practitioners have received positive response from clients where such projects are seen to be success by the clients (Thomson 2011). This difference in perception has been captured in one major research work in the industry carried out by Derek Thomson who found out that construction practitioners tend to view a project to be successful when such project has the ability to meet the client’s requirements, largely formulated and outlined during the commencement of a project (Thomson 2011). As a result, such projects lack stakeholders’ contribution and enrichment of the initial outlined requirements as the project progress, a situation that leads to many clients viewing such projects as failed (Rowlinson and Cheung 2008 cited in Thomson 2011). What construction practitioners fail to understand or internalize by adopting this approach is that, by ignoring client dialogue, there is little under-utilization and appreciation of constructive and potential emerging solutions largely developed from the client’s socially constructed perception of the improved understanding of construction requirements. On overall, the construction industry heavily relies on performance goals and metrics formulated as the project takes off (Chan 2003). However, in the modern world where there is increasing growth of stakeholders in the construction industry, there is rise of clash of perception, as the theory of social construct would postulate.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is need to recognize that the emerging and increasing client judgments regarding the success or failure of construction projects is heavily impacting the construction industry and it cannot be ignored. As a result, in the recent times there have been suggestions that construction practitioners need to change their long time perception on the success of projects and in turn incorporate the views of multiple stakeholders in the industry, specifically the views of the clients. This is not only important but necessary given that identifying and appreciati ng client awareness of projects improves as projects progress. Given the above understanding this research will investigate the issue of changing perception of key stakeholders in the construction industry and how and how such perception change impact the construction projects. Objectives of the research will premise on the need for the construction practitioners to identify new project success goals apart from the initials ones; formalized time cost and performance goals. Also, there will be effort to study and explain why the construction practitioners need to recognize the client awareness of requirements as past research work indicate that such requirements improves as projects progress (Thomson 2011). Further, there will be need to show that existence of internal conflict involving multiple client stakeholders should form the basis upon which construction practitioners are able to identify ad implement emerging project solutions that fulfills clients needs requirements. Purpose statement It has been identified that in the construction industry specifically for the construction practitioners, there has been huge reliance on performance metrics that initially are fixed during the onset of the project (Saqib, Farooqui, and Lodi 2008). As a result, there exists misunderstanding or divergent perception between the construction practitioners and the multiple key stakeholders. Divergence in perception particularly arise from the fact that, majority of clients in construction industry consider a project that is perceived to have failed by practitioners in terms of formalized time, cost and performance goals as success if such project is able to satisfy emergent requirements that were not understood during the initial briefing (Chan 2003).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Construction Projects Success Factors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Arising from this scenario is the fact that many pra ctitioners have failed or have ignored to recognize that client awareness of requirements improves as work on construction projects goes on. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to employ both primary and secondary research tools in investigating how the understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders by construction practitioners can result in the success of a construction project. By understanding client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders in the construction industry, this research will be proposing some of the policy requirements that can be adopted in the construction industry. It is anticipated that the policy proposals will adequately capture the need requirements of client stakeholders while at the same time inform and equip construction practitioners with the necessary knowledge of the emerging changes in the construction industry. Research Questions Research questions arise from the purpose and aim of the research paper as outlined and explained above. Therefore, below are research questions that will guide this research paper. How do construction practitioners regard a project to be success or failure? How do client stakeholders perceive a project to be successful or failed? How adequate can internal conflict among client stakeholders and their reflection on projects help construction practitioners develop solutions that fulfill clients’ needs? How appropriate is factors such as understanding client complexity, emergent requirements and perceptions help in project success? Literature Review It has become apparent that defining project success in construction industry is posing problems to many people (Saqib, Farooqui, and Lodi, 2008). Numerous views in form of probable definitions have been provided by various researchers of what project success constitute. For instance, in a research carried out by Lim and Mohamed in 1999, it was identified that construction success is linked to customer stakeholders (cited in Thomson 2011). According to this view, construction success in terms of customer stakeholder’s perspective is premised in macro evaluation of the building’s social acceptance together with the performance.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On their part, practitioner’s view of project success is captured through micro evaluation of key aspects of functional, physical, or sometimes financial objectives (Thomson 2011). Given these divergent perception and definition of project success, it should not be forgotten that in both scenarios of defining success by both stakeholders, success is defined with regard to project’s fulfillment of acceptable criteria. The above perspectives of defining or explaining project success within the construction industry have been regarded to exhibit shortcomings manifested with lack of explicit and measurable quality criteria and due to lack of objective and universal quality standards (Dewulf and Van Meel 2004 cited in Thomson 2011). Another researcher, Nicholas (2004) suggested through field research that the traditional definition of project success in construction industry is limited since it only defines project success in terms of budget, schedule, and performance metri cs (Chan 2003; Arslan and Kivrak 2008). This definition ignores or bypasses the client stakeholder’s needs that are largely manifested in attitudes, practices, and structures. More perspectives on the definition of project success have been explored by other numerous researchers. Bryde and Robinson (2005) suggested that definition of project success should dwell much on tangible and cost success factors instead of other factors (cited in Thomson 2011). At the same time, the researchers noted that this kind of definition should further be ingrained in defining project success by focusing more on satisfying the procuring stakeholder. This definition was acknowledged and enriched by Murphy in 1974 where through research; it was noted that project success should be built on client satisfaction (cited in Thomson 2011). Moreover, clients appear satisfied when a project manifests characteristics of good coordination of collaborators, avoidance of initial over-optimism and clarity of success factors (Thomson 2011). On his part, Alvesson et al. (2009) captured the issue of client pluralistic by suggesting that clients are pluralistic, that is to say, clients are â€Å"more or less heterogeneous assemblages of actors interests and inclinations whose identity must be constructed so that stakeholders can be identified by solution providers† (cited in Thomson 2011, p.70). Given this position, it has become clear that solving client complexity is transferable specifically when client ambiguity and complexity s identified. Nevertheless, other researchers have concluded that there is lack of general consensus as to what exactly can constitute project success in construction industry (Shenhar and Dvir 2001 cited in Thomson 2011). Rodriguez-Repiso et al. (2007) went ahead with research work to observe that emergent views in construction projects should surpass formal goals guiding the project (cited in Thomson 2011). Overall lesson arising from the findings of the research work by the various researchers is that the success of construction projects is likely not to be realized if projects put more focus on performance and little directed towards people issues. This can particularly be borrowed from the business perspective of defining project success where success is perceived to depend on the ability of actors to modify goals during the life-time of projects instead of sticking to the onset project goals (Arslan and Kivrak 2008; Thomson 2011). As a fact project success in construction industry need to fulfill customer satisfaction, which in turn need to be evaluated largely by stakeholders’ value judgment. Such value judgment emanates from stakeholders’ values, experience, expectations, and not success factor targets (Thomson 2011). Methodology The purpose of this research project is to investigate and study how the understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements, and perceptions of different stakeholders by construc tion practitioners can result in the success of construction projects. This section will explain the research methodology that will be utilized. The methodology for this research project was chosen in correlation with the research questions and purpose of the research (Strauss and Corbin 1998). Target population for the study includes client stakeholders and practitioner stakeholders that are actively involved in construction industry. Active involvement is defined as the stakeholders who are involved in construction projects and who are impacted by the results of the projects (Babbie 2010). However, the working population for this research project includes those stakeholders from the target population that are prepared to participate in the questionnaire process (Babbie 2010). Data collection Data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources, in the case of the primary data questionnaires will be formulated whereby they will be distributed among the target population. Secondary data will be collected from available researches done by various scholars in the topic as literature reviews. Research design The research methodology for the proposed research includes a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: the quantitative section will involve the analysis of the responses obtained from the questionnaire surveys and the qualitative section will be based on a critical analysis of the responses obtained from the direct interviews. Sampling processes suggests that probability sampling is appropriate for the next step of the research (Babbie 2010). The sampling methodology includes a multistage sampling process that uses a stratified random sample of the firms’ identified in the working population during the research. The use of random sampling is important to avoid bias in the selection process. The qualitative information obtained from the interview will be organized on a nominal scale and the respondents will be required to rate th e extent of what project success or failure is within the construction industry. Moreover, the questionnaires will include an interval scale in an attempt to make the analysis more precise and the respondents will be required to choose between the categories included in the interval scale. Data Analysis Data will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel, 2010 version. Various pivot tables will be used for cross tabulation and other statistical data will be accomplished using different Function tools within Excel. Conclusion Construction industry is expanding at a faster rate (Arslan and Kivrak 2008) and success in any construction project can no longer be defined from the practitioners’ stand of view. To avoid conflicts from arising in the definition and perception of key stakeholders as to what constitute project success, there is need to carry out an informed and deep research as to what comprise project from the practitioners and clients stand point of view. In this way this rese arch project will employ both quantitative and qualitative research tools in investigating and studying how the understanding of client complexity, emergent requirements and perceptions of different stakeholders results in project success in the construction industry. Given that scant research work exist in this area this particular research will be instrumental in formulation and implementation of key policies n the industry to realize flu satisfaction of clients needs. Mind Map for construction project proposal Reference List Arslan, G. and Kivrak, S., 2008. Critical factors to company success in the construction industry. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. Web. Available from: waset.org/journals/waset/v45/v45-9.pdf . Babbie, E. R., 2010. The Practice of Social Research. OH: Cengage Learning. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=QySynvetGQICpg=PA199dq=study+populationhl=enei=1OsyTu_DIs6w8QPdnMihDgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCsQ6AE wAA#v=onepageq=study%20populationf=false . Chan, A.P., 2003. ‘Framework for measuring success of construction projects’. School of Construction Management and Property, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Web. Available from: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26531/1/2001-003-C-01_Framework_for_Measuring_Success.pdf . Saqib, M., Farooqui RU., and Lodi, SH., 2008. ‘Assessment of critical success factors for construction projects in Pakistan’. Research Paper presented at the First International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries, Karachi, Pakistan. Web. Available from: neduet.edu.pk/ICCIDC-I/Conference%20Proceedings/Papers/041.pdf . Strauss, AL and Corbin, JM., 1998. Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. NY: SAGE. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=wTwYUnHYsmMCprintsec=frontcoverdq=qualitative+research+techniqueshl=enei=PPoyTtDgKY_C8QOh0_WgDgsa=Xoi=book_resul tct=resultresnum=2sqi=2ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false . Thomson, D., 2011. A pilot study of client complexity, emergent requirements and stakeholder perceptions of project success. Journal of Construction Management and Economics, Vol.29, No.1, pp.69-82. [Attached notes].

Speaking and listening Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Speaking and listening - Coursework Example He is perhaps the least dynamistic character in the novel that undergoes little or no significant development and growth. However, he is the one of the major characters that fits into the theme of tragedy. Lennie is a loyal and good friend as well as hardworking, but he is incapable of expressing his temper correctly. His anger emanates from him attempting to avoid getting into trouble but this is worsened by his mighty strength. His violent behaviour progresses towards the things he is meant to take care of; he kicks the puppy, for instance, across the barn when he discovers its dead. Lennie’s tragic attributes can be best demonstrated by the fact that is life is not a long one and this is strengthened by the manner he meets his death. His innocent behaviour could not allow him to avoid Curley’s wife and other dangers around him and this resulted to him being shot by George as way of protecting saving him from being lynched by the merciless mob of Curley after killing his wife. Unlike Lennie, George develops as the novel progresses. He is, however, a short-tempered character that together with Lennie protests to life. However, he is loving and devoted to protect Lennie; for instance, he cautions him against drinking too much because he can fall ill. George depended on Lennie who gave him a purpose of life and without him, George had no focus of life. Lennie reminded him always of the firm they would go and live happily without the disturbance of the Curleys. This manifests George perhaps as one of the most tragic characters of the novel whose life would instantly be empty without Lennie. Moreover, his personality of lack of care for others such Lennie during the time, depicts him as tragic character such as when he admitted to Slim that he once abused Lennie for his personal amusement. Additionally, a significant part of his tragic character arises after he has shot Lennie and the predatory nature of life manifests resulting to his downfall. He can no

You have to analyse our calculations that i will upload Case Study

You have to analyse our calculations that i will upload - Case Study Example In choosing the securities that are to be included in the portfolio, the risk involved should be considered. Risk is usually measured by the use of beta. Beta is used as an indicator of how sensitive a stock is, towards market forces. A security that has a bet greater than 1 is said to be risky while a security that has a beta less than one is less risky. Risky securities are often associated with high returns. In the choice of the securities, the companies should not be correlated. That will ensure that the risk involved in the portfolio is minimal. Our group has considered six companies. The companies include Adidas, Wal-Mart, Samsung, syngenta, Google and Lufthansa. The companies are from different industries and that will help in reducing the risk that is associated with the portfolio. A good portfolio should have securities that are not correlated (Levinson, 2006, 155). That will help in ensuring that a failure in one industry will not lead to a failure in the other. The first step in the evaluation in considering the securities is finding the average rate of return. The average rate of return can be calculated by using the geometric or arithmetic mean. The rate of return was as follows, From the analysis of the rate of return, Google has the best rate of return while Wal-Mart is associated with the lowest rate of return. That means that if two investors invest the same amount of money in the two different companies, the investor at Google will earn more in terms of return. However, in making an investment decision, the risk factor has to be considered. Below is a table showing the risk associated with the securities. From the analysis on risk involved in all the securities, Wal-Mart turns out to be the less risky security. Such analysis of risks and return will enable an investor to come up with the appropriate stock portfolio that will be well balanced. After analyzing the return that will accrue from individual securities, an analysis should be done

#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#3 - Essay Example Drugs addicts have continued to increase as the drugs are cheap. The illegalization of these drugs has not helped in reducing the criminals and several people including the chief police in Britain have opted for the decriminalization of these drugs in a bid to stop the drugs circulating in the streets of continuing to increase the number of drug addicts. The research recommendations are that the country should look for other options to help the users of drugs as taking them to jail is not the solution. Some of the alternatives provided in the article include: community health and addiction treatment. I agree with the researchers and other opposes of criminalization of drug users and abusers. This has been the only solution in almost all the nations of the world facing drug problems but nothing has stopped the increase in drugs in the streets and the number of drug users. It is time to seek alternative solutions which will make those dealing with drugs stop doing so and transform on their own accord. Examples should be drawn from other decriminalization issues where once a law is passed on decriminalization, the previously illegal activity ceases on its own accord and I strongly believe this will be the same with the drug issue. The news clip was reliable because it came from published research in a peer reviewed medical journal that is renowned and valid. This therefore means that the research was also valid and hence reliable. The news article is printed in the BBC website. BBC is one of the oldest form of media communication and has reached this far due to the reliability of the information they publish hence making this news article reliable as well. Lastly is the fact that the information in discussion is nothing new but a reiteration of what is truly happening in the society. It is evident that drugs have increased and various reports confirm that and issues of

Cascade Of Service Delivery Options Education Essay

Cascade Of Service Delivery Options Education Essay The basic signal behind IDEA was to enable the disable to have equivalent access to education. It enables protection of the rights of disabled kids, their parents, and over all education of these families in United States. There are six main components of the original 1975 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The first is Entitlements and Allocations and this component provided the plan in order to implement the program. The Eligibility was the second component that provided the regulations for schools in order to implement IDEA. This Eligibility contributed more to the regulations of schools. Third is Application which is about uses and applications of cash within the program. This was also the essential component of IDEA. The Fourth component was Procedure and Safeguards that offered safeguards for almost everyone under project and hence this component protected the projects. Fifth component was the Evaluation evaluates students entering the program and the final and sixth component deals with the Payments. The sixth component focused the certain proposal. There can be several types of interventions in the system to aid disabled children in getting education and training. Pre-referral interventions were used to make the outline and facilities to students in order to reduce the stress of students. There can be several types of interventions in the system to aid disabled children in getting education and training. IDEA ensures that the child receives an appropriate, inclusive, multidisciplinary evaluation and assessment.   Multidisciplinary is the evaluation group that evaluates childrens speech and skills. Norm-referenced interventions help evaluate student skills and class using normal distribution methodology. Criterion-referenced tests benefit when comparing the performance to a set standard criteria. It helps find if the student has the special skill set or the knowledge required. IDEA The  Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is abbreviation of a law that summarizes rights and regulations of the disabled students needing special education in the U.S. This law enables all disabled children to a  Free Appropriate Public Education in the  Least-Restrictive Environment (What is I.D.E.A.? 2010).and also this law provided the refute services and other facilities to the development of children. Components OF IDEA 1975 (PL 94-142) There were six key components in original IDEA 1975. The first component Entitlements and Allocations guides the states how to apply the IDEA program. This Entitlement and Allocations provided the details to students in order to gather the implemented program assistance. The second component is the Eligibility that defined the instructions for the schools to work out this program and they must have this program in definite specific dates for the disabled students of specific ages (Protecting Students with Disabilities, n.d.). Program guided the children by means of delivering the requirements and implementing the services for the implemented projects or program. It likewise states that the government is liable for providing all these propositions to the children. The third component is about monetary aspects where its first part deals with uses of money and the applications in program (Mauro, 2012). Second part is about assurances that services and money are all the public property and the third part facts the exchange of the info. State educational agencies are required to provide the details of the disabled students who expected the services. The fourth component Procedures and Safeguards protects every one contributing in IDEA program. This permits the parents along with the guardians to for interpreting the accounts of students thats why children can get the guaranteed rights. Procedures and systems are followed by Evaluation, the fifth component and finally there is sixth component Payments that required the Commissioner to provide certain proposals in script for evaluation by the Committee, representatives and the board on Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate. PL 99-457 Key Components This reauthorization enables any disabled child for getting the early intervention programs. It allows the babies, infants and their families with an adapted family facility plan. These effects mostly focused on the children with certain disabilities. It is first reauthorization of Act after 1975 for the improved care of the schooling of the infants and babies having definite problems. PL 101-476 Key Components Second alteration was made in 1990 called PL 101-476. It mainly focused in switching the word handicapped with the term disabled. This augmented the privacy level of such disabled students. This plan also implemented several facilities in order to make the satisfaction to students. Consequently the schooling level of such pupils will be impressively improved. This key component influenced more on handicapped students effectively. PL-105-17 Key Components This was the essential action that helped to the handicapped students by resolving the educational problems. It was the third action plan telling that the parents will have the rights to resolve the educational matters for their disabled kids. It helps stay informed about routine of their child thus enabling parents to get regular notifications and participate in mediation. PL- IDEA 2004: PL 108-446 Key Components This amendment of PL 108-446 was made in the year 2004. This amendment is based on first time tutoring services for the disabled children. This amendment also focused on the disabled students demanding help for doing their education. Hence these disabled children can be motivated. Thus the disabled students will be benefitted away from their educational agencies. This will also offer more flexibility and control over the education of the disabled students. Pre-referral interventions Pre-referral interventions are for parents that know that their child is stressed in school. Pre-referral interventions outline a number of facilities and programs that may be there to benefit these children prosper before they are appraised for special education (Cortiella, 2012). MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM IDEA necessitates a disabled child should receive an appropriate, inclusive, multidisciplinary evaluation and assessment.  The objective of the evaluation and assessment is to find out the nature of disabled childs strengths, interruptions, difficulties, and if he/she qualifies for early intervention facilities (What is a multidisciplinary evaluation and assessment? n.d.). Multidisciplinary is the evaluation group made up of capable people with different areas of training and experience so that they know about childrens speech and skills. Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests This test provided the contribution to students by means of delivering higher ranking. The results are often depiction of normal distribution that requires a few topers and a few failures. The majority of the class however lies in the middle of the evaluation report (Danielle, 2008). The Norm-referenced tests are designed to compare the performance of one student with that of the other and this technique helps in ranking of the students. On the other hand, Criterion-referenced tests help compare the performance to criteria set earlier. It also helped for determining if the student has the special skill set or the knowledge required (Danielle, 2008). Individualized Education Plan The individualized education program assists disabled students to succeed in their educational endeavors. It describes the aims the team sets for a kid during the school year, along with any special sustenance needed to help reach them (Mauro, 2012). Hence this plan helped to the handicapped or disabled students to come back effectively. Cascade of service delivery options Cascade of service delivery guides the placement options for disabled students along the education field. It is opposite to least restrictive environment concept that guides to students an inclusive environment. This service delivery option was used to promote the educational fields of children. CONCLUSION IDEA offers legal guidelines and protections for disabled children, their families and schools to guarantee their right to a free and suitable public education (Protecting Students with Disabilities, n.d.). Law states that children with disabilities must not be starved of the same chances offered to everyone else; everybody gets right of entry to public education and consequently so should children with disabilities. Hence the children with disabilities as well as their parents must be facilitated so that they can achieve a better destiny having themselves equipped with proper education and training.

Stock Price Valuation and Beta Calculation Essay -- Finance

There are many choices in the market for the investors to generate more money and income with the capital that they able to invest. These tools are categorized into many different types of market such as equity market, bond market, and mortgage market, according to their characteristics. The markets are well-growing and establishing all around world due to the people’s awareness of investment, the globalization, the governments’ policies, and the change of technology. Equity market is one of the well performing markets. The companies raise fund from the public by listing themselves in the stock exchanges. Such objective can be done by distributing the common stock, preferred stock, and convertible securities. The voting rights, priority claim, ownership, and types of compensation are determined by their characteristics. The investors will purchase the stocks based on their requirements and preferences. Two types of market are found in the stock markets, which are the p rimary and secondary market. The primary market enables the companies to gather the funds directly from the investors when the secondary market provides the liquidity to the shares by enabling the investors to trade among themselves. Stock price valuation In Malaysia, the only stock exchange is the Bursa Malaysia. The Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI), also known as the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI, is the main stock index. The basket consists of the 30 largest market capitalization companies in Malaysia (The Edge Malaysia, 2009). 70 % of the market capitalization for the local bourse is made up by these 30 companies (The Edge Malaysia, 2009). Its performance will signal the investors about the market condition in Malaysia. Next, Genting Berhad (GENTING, 3182) is ... ...sdate=2012-03- 29&lang= Bloomberg.(n.d.). Genting Bhd. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GENT:MK Bursa Malaysia. (n.d.). FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://www.bursamalaysia.com/website/bm/market_information/fbm_klci.html Genting Berhad. (n.d.). Annual report. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://www.genting.com/annualreports/gb/2010/gb2010_02_11.pdf Genting Berhad. (n.d.). Group profile. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://www.genting.com/groupprofile/gent.htm Palm oil traders await price forecasts seen as bullish. The Star Online. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/5/business/20120305141244&sec= business Yahoo!.(n.d.), FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI (^KLSE). Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=%5EKLSE&a=01&b=17&c=2012&d=02&e=29&f=20 12&g=d

American family

There are three common characteristics that would Impact types of marriages that have on family definitions. Monogamous, polygamous, and arranged marriages. Monogamous is where the family stays out of the decision. Polygamous is where they have multiple options, which is illegal in the US. This type of marriage finds it k to have multiple families. Arranged marriages are where the family of the bride and groom negotiate an arrangement before the two parties enter Into a relationship. . Family Is a group of two people or more related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together. Household refers to all people who occupy a housing unit regardless of relationship. They should be viewed different because people that live together doesn't necessarily have to be related, which makes it a household. 3. The United States include fewer marriages, fewer children, later age of marriage, which causes an increase in single-parent families and step families. 4. Marriage is in decline. 5.T he positive effects of family of origin Is high levels of parental affection during holding are associated with an improved ability to regulate negative emotions in childhood, high levels of parental warmth during childhood are associated with better physical health in adulthood, parents who are involved in their children's school activates have children with higher educational aspirations, and children whose parents model and explain financial tasks to them are better prepared to take on financial roles and responsibilities themselves.The negative effects of family of origin Is early exposure to violence in the family correlates with positive attitudes award marital violence, mothers with maladaptive eating habits may increase the likelihood of their daughters developing disorders, lack of parental affection and high levels of conflict at home may result in poor emotion regulation and maladaptive coping styles, children from divorced families are more likely to get divorced themsel ves and people who perceived their family of origin as less healthy are more likely to have negative attitudes toward marriage. . Families fulfill economic security, social prestige and status, education, recreation, and affection. . A race Is a group of people who are classified according to their skin color. An ethnic group is a group of people characterized by cultural factors, such as language, religion, and shared customs, that are passed from one generation to the next which can impact the definition of family. 8. Structural functionalist view the family as a system that promotes the maintenance of society, with the traditional nuclear family as the Ideal form.Conflict theorists believe that individual family members are Involved In a instant power struggle and that conflict within families is necessary because it results in change and adaptation. Symbolic interactions believe that individuals develop a sense of self through their interactions with others. 9. The perspective o f society, the perspective of small groups, and the perspective of the individual can be used to define families. 10.It has been said that step on it is the chilly of civilization. But In nutshell we can say that It's a distinct way from another (pronominal) human pick out his rush, as it is given by other person. So it becomes the pop out of his identity. This identity influences several aspects of the hereafter such as society, politics; etcetera American society has endlessly been enriched by its waves of immigrants. And hence at that place is a requisite for statistics due to its evolution and diversity.Therefore the authentic bodily characters, the alleged (pronominal) unit characters, such as cranial profile and size, stature, the proportions of the baseless automobile trunk and the relative length of the limbs, eye excuse (blue, gray, Rene, low-spirited or BRB owners eyes), the lips, sensory hair color and texture, irrupt form,? skin color, facial type, absence or abundance o f body hair, etc. Races were almost universally considered to reflect group differences in moral character and intelligence.Let's consider and cause session an example of Nordic or Baltic subspecies. 11. The â€Å"golden age† of the asses was also a contributing factor to rising divorce rates in the asses and asses. When soldiers returned from the war, many omen were forced to give up their factory Jobs to make way for the returning veterans and encouraged to stay at home and assume domestic roles. As a result, birth rates increased and the average age at first marriage decreased. 2. Although they all appear to be closely related to reality to me, I would have to say functionalism. 13. The family stress is related to work obligations. Changing the attitudes by less long work hours, more family time, and household management in the workplace could be done to reduce or eliminate these stresses. 14. Yes, one loud argue that the strong reduction in community/neighborhood ties has impacted the strength of American Families.The community IS the American family. 15. Yes, it is best for a researcher to conduct both the qualitative and quantitative studies. 16. Qualitative research is likely based on the theoretical perspective. 17. A. Ask a question about a specific topic B. Do background research on the topic C. Formulate a hypothesis. D. Test your hypothesis by conducting research and gathering data. E. Analyze your data and decide on a conclusion. F. Write up the results. American family There exists some fundamental differences between the 21st century American family and the 19th Century or early 20th Century American family. In sociological, political fronts, issues ranging from racism to cold war characterized the American family of the 1963. Eating habits were different and were influenced by economic activities as was the transport means commonly in use then. Back then, the typical American family was mostly made up of parents and children with a high affiliation to the extended family compared to today’s family.Back then the gender equity debate had not gained prominence. The male was widely considered as the sole bread winner and very few women compared to today were working although it is around this time that there was an upsurge in the number of women pursuing career lives. The American nation was back then an industrial power and therefore tasks for a husband included working in the industries, participating in various political meetings then domin ated by the segregation debate. Depending on personal interest, political movements were something the ordinary American would participate in.Major cities in America had started experiencing transportation crisis by 1963, which means the average American was not walking to work as they owned automobiles especially those in the urban settings [Wilentz, 1984. 436-440]. The road transport was one of the widely used means of transport although for movement further outside the major cities, railway transport was a major transport mode. Air transport was not widely used as it is today, as the aviation industry was still not very developed.In the 1960s most women and indeed the girl child was not treated the same way as men by the society. The girl child was viewed as fit for some professions. It was rare to get women competing in some fields like medicine or engineering and indeed the military. Women were constructed by the society as the weaker sex and only suitable for some professions such as nursing and education. The above can be attributed to the lack of strong forums for women to express themselves as well as lack of enough role models for the women.The media back then played a very important role in the lives of the Americans, by 1963, most families owned television sets. Although the flow of news was not as swift and faster as it is the case today, nevertheless most Americans had access to radios and TVs. The limited flow of information into and out of the US meant that most families could not quite comprehend and therefore appreciate other cultures. The above can be attributed to the not so advanced technology as compared to today’s era of internet technology.The education system in 1963 was not very different from what it is today although many amendments have been introduced to the education act. Overly the education system as it existed in 1963 left room for infiltration by racism and marginalization of the racial minorities. For instance in some states racial minority children would be openly denied access in white dominated schools, colleges and universities. Therefore where children would attend school largely depended on amongst others; social background.Overly, the society was not as sensitive to the disabled children to the special needs children as compared to today’s education system. Famous music bands such as the Beatles spiced American entertainment lives. Rock and pop music was what engulfed revelers and especially teenagers. Cinema had also gained popularity as a source of entertainment in the USA. Under the leadership of John F. Kennedy, America was experiencing a lot of political, social, environmental and economic activities.Generally, by 1963, the economy had shown signs of improvements and culturally people where having a more quality life. There were a lot of campaigns geared at fighting for total elimination of all forms of segregation something which often resulted into arrests of crusaders like Martin Luther King Junior. Back then getting admission to University was very much determined by one’s racial background. The year also saw the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 22 and the swearing of Lyndon Johnson as the 36th President of the USA.It is worth noting that during this time, the country was just recovering from an economic depression suffered as a result of the world wars. Americans were awakening on matters like imperialism, civil rights and gender equality. Due to the ideological differences between the Soviet Union and the US a lot of government expenditure was directed towards military activity and covert missions something which might have influenced the onset of the Vietnam War. Americans are today faced with great nutritional problems, compared to 1963 the number of children who are obese and overweight is on the increase.This is not a 21st century problem; it started in the 1960s although the popularity of fast foods has made it look like a 2 1st century problem. The most common foods back in 1963 included pizza, hamburger, chocolate, coffee for breakfast, and wines and spirits [Cavan, & Shonle1969, 79-99]. The children attended schools according to their parents’ abilities although public schools were the choice of majority as they were affordable compared to private schools. In the 1960s Americans had shifted from eating traditional foods to eating of processed foods something which can be attributed to busy lives.There was an increase in obesity incidences in late 1960s, a problem which persists up to date. Of interest also is the fact that more Americans had started to use microwaves to cook, atleast not many used wood stoves. Since a significant portion of the population was still working in farms, fresh farm produce was in big supply and therefore most families included in their meals fresh vegetables, fresh meat, milk, poultry, eggs and butter. Soft drink intake also gained popularity as people became busie r and fast food restaurants became very popular.Due to mechanization of farming, food prices went down as the country become self sufficient in terms of food supply (Sanjur, 1995. 45-67). Also fruit and vegetable meals were common as more and more Americans began to appreciate health eating habits. Conclusion The American family has evolved a lot since 1963 up to date. Change is evident in the way people dress, eat, and the way they view the external world. A lot of the above changes have been occasioned by technological advancement, globalization and the advent of internet.The economy has also grown a lot and today more American families earn above average in terms of finances meaning that they can afford a quality life. Works cited Cavan, & Shonle, R. The American Family. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. , [1969. 79-99] Sanjur, D. Hispanic Foodways, Nutrition, and Health. Boston . Allyn and Bacon. [1995. 45-67]. Wilentz, S. Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the Ameri can Working Class. New York: Oxford University Press. [1984. 436-440]. American Family The modern American family as described by Joseph B. Verrengia is â€Å"always in motion, child-dominated, strained and losing intimacy. † It is actually the title of the paper that deals with common problems facing each family. American family is illustrated by a twenty-four hour activities by individual family members totally depart from each other from the head of the family down to children going to school. Only babies are pampered until they reach school age. In the article written by Joseph B.Verrengia, he described Jake Zeiss, a nine-year boy who after seven-hour of back-to-back meetings, would volley for an hour with his tennis pro, then slid back into Mercedes to take nutritious bar and to do paper works using his laptop while traveling with other family members in the car. When tempted to play yo-yo, his mother would say, â€Å"Is that a good use of your time? † Yet, the family was heading to a gym where they would meet their father to play some sports.David O sborne in an article entitled â€Å"The Cult of Fatherhood,† he illustrated how he struggled as he took care of their kid since birth because his wife had to stay in the hospital as a gynecologist where she worked 100 hours a week. He is a nontraditional father as he called himself because that was not the usual set up in the family but they had to cope up with the challenges. David Osborne told that traditional mothers work harder than anyone else could imagine; he referred to his own mother who had to rush with urgency in doing household chores twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty five days a year.These are just two of the many families that experience complexity that affect their relationship and child rearing. Financially they are sufficient but in the advent of assuming roles and responsibilities, the future of the family is also affected. The Modern-day Family There are differences between the traditional family model and modern-day family and the primary reason for the abrupt change in the family set up was economic reason, since both mother and father have to work away from home leaving the kids unattended for some times and the whole family do not have quality time together.Everyone is rushing trying to get works done, especially mothers, which is according to David Osborne, divided responsibilities are the reason for the â€Å"central unresolved conflict in the lives of the American women† (p. 195). Also, in the advent of change, fathers have to assume different role, which touches the sensitive part of his masculinity. On the other hand, the Zeiss family is an example of a family that enjoys the benefit of a good life, with bigger home, a Mercedes car, children attending exclusive schools and extra time for playing sports in the evening.Despite togetherness they are time-bounded; without proper scheduling, they may miss important events of the day as a family. Verrengia writes as he quoted one statement, â€Å"We’ve sch eduled and outsourced a lot of our relationships; there isn’t much room for the flow of life, those little moments when things happen spontaneously† (p. 6). The changes that occur in the lives of the American family especially in the middle-class working families present predicament that affect the country as a whole. And many of the dilemmas facing America right now could be associated with the family set up and relationship between each family member.The many incident reports of crimes and marriage break ups have something to do with family relationships that were left unresolved. Thus, if one would not be creative enough to gather the family in one activity, most likely, the family would suffer for not having intimate time together. Contrast of Traditional and Modern-day Family These issues are by-products of the advent of modernization and industrialization in America and that; traditional family had their own way of coping up with the challenges and struggles of li fe without neglecting responsibility to one another.Traditional family and modern-day family are distinct with each other in different ways. First, they are different as they view home. Traditional family model existed during the pre-Civil war and pre-sexual revolution; it was the time when family relied on agriculture as the source of income. Traditional family, which occurred during the pre-industrial America, the home would serve as a market, which was the main income source of the family. Usually, the home was not just a place for relaxation but a place where women could perform other income-generating activities like soap making, clothing production, etc.Whereas, the modern homes that existed during the era of industrial and urban development, is viewed as a private place for the family to enjoy one another and to find relaxation. The home became the ideal place for domesticity or the place centered on family activities. Second, they differ in terms of gender role. During pre-i ndustrial revolution, husband and wife had equal rights with one another and at the same time, perform equally for the betterment of the family. Clarence Roberts Jr. stated that men â€Å"worked at their various crafts (near the farm) or worked on the family farm† (The Changing Family).Mothers worked in the house at the same time; her responsibility was important to the health and survival of the family† according to Clarence Roberts, Jr. There was no individual breadwinner and each had distinct role to perform – the wife for the house and husband in the farm. In contrary, gender roles had also changed in the modern-day society. During the post-industrial revolution, men finally realized their roles as breadwinners; so they left the responsibility of child rearing to the wife who was left alone. However change in gender role also change at the present day.To use the example of Osborne, one distinct change was the fact that mother and father had interchanged their roles from being a provider to housekeeper and vice-versa. Women’s role in earning money for the family had been part of her responsibility since the pre-industrial era, but due to the disappearance and removal of home market, women had to look for a job outside the house, which is carried out until today. Third, family relationship had changed forever. Pre-industrial period family was seen as having a strong kinship.By tradition, American family during that period practice extended family relations wherein relatives are part of the family such as in-laws, first cousins, aunts, uncles, and grandparents. In an article entitled â€Å"Redefining Family, it stated there that the traditional parents’ role â€Å"gave way to affectionate bonds,† while husband and wife were â€Å"companionable. † In effect, women were active in spiritual direction in the family, which shows her value in the family. However, industrialization and technology was the cause for the collapse of the tie that binds the family together.Fathers had to left home to work in far away lands; women were left with the kids; extended family was lost; and, children had to work also The case of two families mentioned in this paper, is a scenario of the modern day family that grasp for time to be spent for the family. As each family member strives to give quality time, there is still missing because each is a human being that needs affection and togetherness. If not sufficiently given, the family might suffer. Industrialization has the advantage in the family, yet, American family is tied up with the system. Work Citedâ€Å"David Osborne: Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood (1985). † Absorbing Stories, Creating Identities â€Å"Redefining Family. † Colonial Williamsburg. 2007. http://www. history. org/Almanack/life/family/essay. cfm#transformed Roberts Jr. , Clarence. The Changing Family: How Changes in the Family Reflects Social and Economic Changes in Society. Yal e-New Haven Teachers Institute. http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1990/4/90. 04. 08. x. html Verrengia, Joseph. The Modern American Family: Always in Motion, Child-Dominated, Strained and Losing Intimacy. † UCLA College Report. http://www. college. ucla. edu/celfarticle. pdf

The Unsolved Case of the Long Island Serial Killer

The Unsolved Case of the Long Island Serial Killer Oak Beach, Long Island is a small, semi-secluded community located 35 miles from Manhattan on the eastern end of the barrier island called Jones Beach Island. It is part of the town of Babylon in Suffolk County, New York. The residents of Oak Beach are wealthy by most standards. The average home with a view of the water is priced at around $700,000 to $1.5 million for a home on the water. The crime rate is minuscule, at least until May 2010 when Shannon Gilbert, a 24-year-old  escort advertising on Craigslist disappeared after running from a clients home in Oak Bridge. According to Gilberts client Joseph Brewer, the young escort began to fall apart while at his home. Suffering from bipolar and reportedly not taking her medication, Gilbert called 9-1-1 from Brewers home and talked for over 20 minutes. At one point she told the 9-1-1 operator, theyre trying to kill   me. Brewer later told the police that he was unable to calm Gilbert down and asked her driver, Michael Pak, to help get her out of the house. Gilbert ended up fleeing both men and began knocking on nearby neighbors doors, screaming and pleading for help. The police were called, but when they arrived Gilbert had vanished into the night. Where she disappeared to remained a mystery for over a year. A Discovery by Chance On December 10, 2010, police detective John Mallia was training his cadaver police dog when he discovered a burlap sack buried down in the marshes of Gilgo Beach. Inside the sac were the skeletal remains of a woman, but it was not Shannon Gilbert. A search of the area turned up four more skeletal remains in December. From March through May 2011, detectives from Nassau County, Suffolk County, and the New York State Police returned to the area and worked together to search for more victims. They discovered the remains of six more victims, including the body of a small toddler girl. All of the remains were found approximately a mile apart and about five miles from where the other victims that were found in December. Long Island Serial Killer The news media was quick label the killer as the Long Island Serial Killer and the police agreed that they likely had a serial killer in the area. In June 2011, investigators offered a reward of $25,000   (up from $5,000) in exchange for information that would lead to the arrest of the person responsible. On a map, the locations of the victims remains, some just partial remains, are like dots scattered along the Ocean Parkway that leads to Jones Beach. Up close it was a macabre scene as detectives dug through the thick bramble that covered the marsh. When they finished they had the partial remains of eight female victims, one male victim dressed as a woman, and the toddler. It was not until a year later, on December 13, 2011, that the remains of Shannon Gilbert would be found in the same area. Victims Advertised Escort Service Through Craigslist Police later reported that all of the victims appeared to be sex workers who advertised their services on Craigslist. They suspect that the toddler was the child of one of the women. At first, believing that the area had become a dumping ground for a pair of serial killers, the investigators later retracted that statement, saying instead that it was the work of one killer. Investigators do not believe that Shannon Gilbert was killed by the serial killer, but by natural causes, after she became disoriented and lost in the marsh. They believe that she most likely drowned. Her mother does agree, particularly since Shannon was found face up, which is unusual for drowning victims The First Victims That Were Identified Maureen Brainard-Barnes, 25, of Norwich, Connecticut, was last seen on July 9, 2007, after leaving Norwich to go to New York City. Maureen worked as an escort and advertised on Craigslist. She was a small woman, only four feet eleven inches tall and one hundred five pounds. She got into the escort business because she needed money to pay for her home. Once she caught up on her mortgage she left the sex industry for seven months but returned to it after receiving an eviction notice. Her remains were found during the December 2010 search. Melissa Barthelemy, 24, of Erie County, New York, was last seen on July 10, 2009. Melissa worked as an escort and advertised on Craigslist. Her last known activity was on July 10 when she met up with a client, made a bank deposit of $900 into her account. She then called an old boyfriend, but he did not answer. After a week that she went missing and for five consecutive weeks after that, her young sister received phone calls from someone using Melissas cell phone. The sister described the anonymous caller as   vulgar, mocking and insulting and she suspects the caller was the person who killed her sister. Megan Waterman, 22, of South Portland, Maine, disappeared on June 6, 2010, after advertising her escort services on Craigslist. Megan was staying at a motel in Hauppauge, New York, which is located 15 miles from Gilgo Beach. Her remains were discovered in December 2010. Amber Lynn Costello, 27, of North Babylon, New York, went missing on September 2, 2010. North Babylon is located just 10 miles north of Gilgo Beach. Amber was a heroin user and a sex worker. On the night that she vanished, she had received several calls from a client offering to pay her $1,500 for her services. Her sister, Kimberly Overstreet, also a sex worker at one time, reportedly said in 2012, that she would continue to use Craigslist in the same manner as her sister, in an effort to catch her sisters killer. Jessica Taylor, 20, from Manhattan, vanished in July 2003. It was known that Jessica had worked in New York and Washinton D.C. as a sex worker. On July 26, 2003, her partial remains were found in Manorville, New York, which is located about 45 miles east of Gilgo Beach. Her nude chopped up torso was found and the head and hands were missing. On March 29, 2011, her skull, hands, and a forearm were found at Gilgo and identified through DNA.   Unidentified Victims Jane Doe No. 6: The right foot, both hands, and a human skull, were found on April 4, 2011. The rest of the unidentified victims remains were found in the same area where Jessica Taylors partial remains were found in Manorville, New York. Investigators believe that Jane Doe No. 6 was probably a sex worker. Police believe the same person is responsible for the death of both of the victims. Similar methods were used to dispose and disperse the womens remains. Police released a composite sketch of Jane Doe No. 6. She was between the ages of 18 and 35 and was around five feet, two inches tall. John Doe: The remains of a young Asian male, between the ages of 17 and 23, were discovered on April 4 at Gilgo Beach. It appeared that he had been dead for five to 10 years. The cause of death was blunt-force trauma. Investigators believe he may have worked in the sex industry. At the time of his death, he was wearing womens clothing. A composite sketch of the victim was released. Police say that he was around five foot, six inches and he was missing four teeth. Baby Doe: Located around 250 feet from Jane Doe No. 6, investigators discovered the remains of a female toddler between the ages of 16 and 24 months old. DNA tests determined that the toddlers mother was Jane Doe No. 3, whose remains were found 10 miles east, near Jones Beach State Park. It was reported that she was non-Caucasian and was wearing earrings and a necklace at the time that she was murdered. Peaches and Jane Doe No 3: On April 11, 2011, Nassau County police found the dismembered skeletal remains in Jone Beach State Park. The remains were stuffed inside of a plastic bag. The victim was named Jane Doe No 3. On June 28, 1997, the dismembered torso of a young Black female was found in Lakeview at Hempstead Lake State Park. The torso was discovered inside a green plastic container which had been dumped next to the road that ran alongside the west side of the lake. The victim had a tattoo of a peach shaped ​like a heart that had a bite out of it and there were  two teardrops on her left breast. DNA analysis identified that Peaches and Jane Doe No 3 were the same person and that she was the mother of Baby Doe. Jane Doe No. 7: Located near Tobay Beach, a human skull and several teeth were found on April 11, 2011. DNA testing showed that these remains belonged to the same person whose severed legs had been found on Fire Island on April 20, 1996.

Cultural Considerations Essays

Cultural Considerations Essays Cultural Considerations Essay Cultural Considerations Essay This paper will analyze and assesses the cultural concerns and influences of today’s societies with assorted civilizations and the consequence on the condemnable justnesss system. The paper will turn to how the cultural concerns and influences affect justness and security disposal and pattern. The paper will demo some modern-day methods by the constabulary and security used in societies of assorted civilizations. The paper will turn to how these influences and considerations relate to and impact nondiscrimination patterns within the condemnable justness system. Finally. the paper will turn to Sir Robert Peel’s nine rules and how they fit into today’s constabulary sections. The military business of legion states in the Middle East and Europe has brought constabulary patterns into inquiry. The local constabulary forces have been trained by the armed forces in which the regulations are different. The free people are enduring maltreatment at the custodies of the constabulary in those states. In those instances where hawkish jurisprudence is present and security is more prevailing. the constabulary appear to work more for the current busying military than for that country’s authorities or the people. More than 200 instances of anguish have either been investigated or tribunal marshaled by the United States in misdemeanor of the United Nations anti-torture organic structure in 2006. This addition in anguish may be caused by racial. cultural. and spiritual differences in the modern-day War on Terrorism ( French A ; Wailes. 2008 ) . The maltreatment on that graduated table does non happen within the United States ; nevertheless. a job still exists with the appraisal of constabulary and security forces. These patterns are scrutinized by the military. authoritiess. security bureaus. and local and foreign constabulary. Of class. these patterns question favoritism and profiling. Profiling is one of the major concerns here in the United States. Some confusion issues between profiling and racial profiling. A individual can non be profiled by a constabulary officer based on colour. sex. faith. or civilization. However. a individual can be profiled if he or she matches the description of a suspect. The steps presently used to measure officers are nonsubjective and may unwrap intimate facets of the individual tested. The criterion for acknowledgment in the United States is the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies ( CALEA ) that was established in 1979. Psychological testing is in topographic point. nevertheless ; criterions are non set by CALEA. and each bureau conducts their ain testing ( Gallic A ; Wailes. 2008 ) . In 1973. the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that every constabulary bureau follow a formal choice procedure that includes a written trial of mental ability or aptitude. an unwritten interview. a psychological scrutiny. and a background probe. It was believed that presenting greater showing and standardisation to the choice procedure would ensue in a more qualified constabulary force. International Association of Chiefs of Police ( IACP ) developed several guidelines for pre-employment psychological ratings. These recommendations address such issues as proof of proving instruments. conformity with statute law. such as the Americans with Disabilities Act ( ADA ) . utilizing qualified psychologists familiar with the relevant research. and content of the written studies ( Cochrane. Tett A ; Vandercreek. 2008 ) . Conformity with such Acts of the Apostless as the ADA indicates the execution of diverseness in the testing procedure. A few of the most common comprehensive personality trials given to patrol officers during their psychological testing include the undermentioned: Neurosis. Extraversion. and Openness ( NEO ) Personality Inventory. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 ( MMPI-2 ) . and Inwald Personality Inventory ( IPI ) . Traits from the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. which was based on the five-factor theoretical account of personality. hold besides shown to be prognostic of police public presentation. The MMPI-2 and the IPI have been shown to be effectual in foretelling several occupation standards for constabulary officers every bit good ( Cochrane. Tett A ; Vandercreek. 2008 ) . Today’s American policing and justness system is based on English rules and English common jurisprudence. One such tradition was limited constabulary authorization. This gives manner to autonomies and freedoms and bounds governmental authorization. Another tradition was the localised constabulary control as opposed to a national. centralized police force as experienced in many other states. This turned out to be both an advantage and a hurt. The localisation resulted in atomization and decentalisation of jurisprudence enforcement. The advantage was geting small national control ( Walker A ; Katz. 2011. p. 24 ) . Peel believed that bar of offense could be accomplished without irrupting into the lives of citizens so he developed the nine rules of community policing. His first construct was the basic mission of constabulary was to forestall offense and upset. The bar of offense makes the occupation easier of the constabulary. Police presence is disincentive. therefore prevents offense from happening. This is the footing for today’s community patroling construct. The populace must besides O.K. of the actions of the constabulary in the public presentation of their responsibilities. The people must work voluntarily with the constabulary in observation of the Torahs to keep public order ( History. 2002 ) . The public must follow voluntarily with the Torahs and work with the constabulary. Most people do what is morally right ; in bend the constabulary besides must make what is legitimately right. The constabulary are directed by the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights to safeguard every citizen’s right from intervention from authorities. These doctrines are still observed today. If a citizen does non O.K. of the behavior of the constabulary. a ailment is filed. If the populace does non hold with a jurisprudence. they work to do alterations. If the populace fails to detect the jurisprudence. there are effects. such an apprehension or a all right. Another construct concerns the usage of physical force to derive conformity. The populace is concerted with the constabulary whereas physical force non need be employed. If conformity is non gained and physical force is required. the force will non be so great as to be considered inordinate ( History. 2002 ) . The Constitution provides rights to the people and protects them from the constabulary in this country. Laws in most provinces specifically write out what is considered force. when and how it can be used. Last. the constabulary are specifically trained in the application of force through agencies of assorted arms and manus to manus combat. This force is non to be inordinate. non to be used as penalty. or in a punitory mode. The force used is that sensible force to consequence and apprehension. to protect oneself or another from decease or great bodily injury. The constabulary serve both the populace and the jurisprudence. they shall non demo nonpartisanship. but to the jurisprudence. The officers are besides members of the populace. Any involvement the populace has would besides be involvement to the constabulary ( History. 2002 ) . In this instance. the officer may come from any background may be either sex or any race. The officer must demo equity to members of other groups and non know apart against those members or members of his or her ain group. The officer shall handle everyone every bit every bit as possible. The constabulary are hired to continue the jurisprudence. at the same clip function the populace. Peel’s theory indicates. when a struggle arises. the service to the jurisprudence should outweigh the public service. This construct is contradictory to today’s patterns. Patroling has become customer service-oriented. where the client is ever right. The officers are members of the populace. when they are in an off responsibility capacity. they are afforded the same rights as any other citizen. However. they should regulate themselves as an solid citizen because they do stand for the jurisprudence. The concluding construct indicates the effectivity of policing is the deficiency of offense and upset. This construct is known as preventive policing. In today’s society. the offenses are non happening where there is a high constabulary presence. So. Peel’s rules are still used to some extent. The demographics have changed since his clip. Peoples and offenses have evolved. People’s values have changed. whereas they are tolerant of certain offenses. The attitudes toward constabularies have changed. In a location where there is a strong constabulary presence. fewer offenses occur. This is consistent with Peel’s construct. However. if the demographics of the vicinity are less desirable. the people of the vicinity indicate the constabulary are prejudiced and do non desire the constabulary in the vicinity. Therefore. more offenses occur in this less protected vicinity. If fewer constabulary are present. the response clip for an officer to an incident is longer because there are fewer officers and more calls. The ratio of officers to calls is higher. In these instances favoritism is blamed for the increased of constabulary presence and the deficiency of it every bit good. The affected parties assume they are discriminated against because more constabularies are in their countries. where more offense occurs. However. when the constabulary are non present. they blame the constabulary for the addition in offense because the constabularies are non present. In decision. most of Sir Robert Peel’s rules can be applied to the organisation of a constabulary section today. In fact. many sections in England still work by his rules. Some demand to be altered to suit today’s society to be more customer friendly. The United States Constitution and Bill of Rights demand to be recognized. every bit good such as the Due Process Clauses to both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments if his rules are applied.

SHORT ANSWER ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

SHORT ANSWER ONLY - Assignment Example Hence, he deducted the interconnection between villages, states and societies and proposed that there is a broader civilization, a â€Å"great tradition†, that is being upheld by people of various backgrounds. It is the tradition â€Å"which is consciously cultivated, refined and handed down in a formal learning situation† (Musicmall Productions Pte Ltd, 2004). One may say that this is the living culture, one which evolves depending on the environment, present conditions and needs of the society. The concept of â€Å"little tradition† was first developed by Milton Singer and Robert Redfield as a twin to the idea of the â€Å"great tradition†. It is the ways in which a culture â€Å"keeps itself going, is taken for granted and is not put under much scrutiny or deliberate refinement and improvement† (Musicmall Productions Pte Ltd, 2004). The little tradition are the manifestations of the great tradition, they can be found in the folk music, the pattern of clothing, the choice of food, children’s stories etc. The little tradition are often handed down from one generation to another and are often unquestioned because their details are so minute they are almost unrecognizable. It is the little traditions which creates distinctions between the Sephardim from the Hasidic, the European from the America, the Asian from the Chinese. Sephardim is defined by the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) as the â€Å"descendants of the Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa, Turkey, Asia Minor, Holland, England, North and South America, Germany, Denmark, Austria and Hungary. Unlike other Jews, the Sephardi practice traditions which are tinged with Spanish and Portuguese influences. For example, one of their most popular children’s play is called â€Å"El Castillo†, and they have dishes originating from Iberia such as pastel, pan de Espana, and pan de leon. During festivals, they give our dulces or dolces, a kind of

Integrated Project Management Tools Research Paper

Integrated Project Management Tools - Research Paper Example At the project’s starting stage, the project is explicitly and clearly defined. The scope of the project and its purpose are defined, and a benchmark for the expected final product is set. The time and resources required for completion of the project are allotted. Resolving problems encountered during the project and controlling the product quality are the main activities of a project’s control stage (Bainey, 2004). This stage oversees the completion of most of the work, and it is during this stage that most of the project’s time is consumed. The project’s closure level involves officially ending the project and providing any useful tips applicable to other projects. Any outstanding work that requires completion is done in this stage. The Project Manager is responsible for managing the basic factors of a project simultaneously; these include time, scope, resources, and money (Schwalbe, 2010). These four elements work hand in hand, and for the project to be a success, these elements must be managed together. In a bed and breakfast project, the resources include equipment, funding, people, facilities, or materials. Management Tools Work Authorization System This is a method used in hand with project management. The project manager together with his designees uses the work authorization system to sanction all project work during a project management. Work authorization procedures show the person responsible for authorizing activities to be completed and how those authorizations may be achieved (Schwalbe, 2010). These procedures include documents that must be filled before initializing any work, and the possibilities of any prerequisites. In order to facilitate the efficiency of project management in bigger projects, work authorization systems detail the timeline of the project. For example, the work authorization system might show when some parts of the project should end, by whom and in which order (Bainey, 2004). For a bed and breakfa st project to be successful, work authorization is an effective tool. Project Status Report It is a regular, official report on a project progress against the plan of the project. Its purpose is to efficiently and effectively communicate the project status at regular intervals. In addition, it can be utilized in providing a documented history of a project. Objectives of a status report include communication of the project progress, simplifying the mode of collecting and distributing project information, improving passing of information within the project, and improving organizational support of the project. A good, consistent project status report prevents a project from missing completion deadlines by keeping the project on the early-start and early-finish schedule. Being alert of the start and completion dates during a project increases the chances for the project being successful. A project status reporting is a function that is performed throughout the project (Barkley, 2006). S cheduling System A scheduling system is a form of a tool used to build an integrated project management system. A good scheduling system should aid in achieving the best end results in a bed and breakfast project. The project manager should ensure that the scheduling system

Smoking or secondhand smoking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Smoking or secondhand smoking - Research Paper Example This article briefly discusses the merits and demerits of this hypothesis and in the end suggests a method of controlling the rising level of smoking in the United States of America. It shall also briefly touch the history of smoking, the reason why it escalated and why it fell. These previous trends are kept as a focal point in the end when a recommendation for action is presented in the conclusion. Smoking and Its Increasing Prevalence Introduction All over the globe including the U.S.A, there is a rising concern by the medical agencies and public health insitutions in regards to the vice of Smoking. They are calling for Hollywood movies that contain scenes where people are smoking; to be rated as adult or explicit. The concept and reasoning behind this outcry is that enforcing such a rating might end up reducing the number of youth who are exposed to such scenes, within the course of watching a movie, that according to them, is one of the most direct causes for young teens to take up smoking and even that, at an early stage of their lives (Cnossen, 2008). With the help of a scientific consensus conducted by a huge spectrum of professional health organizations that includes the World Health Organization, National Cancer Institute and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention displayed that the films and movies which contain scenes in which the actors are smoking acts as a catalyst in inciting the young people to smoke and is the consistent finding of a dose response relationship, and like in any concern in regards to the public health which is related to a dose response. The single best alternative in order to deal with such a problem is lowering the dose, that recalls the topic of discussion. There needs to be the ratings of adult content for any movies which have use of tobacco and live smoking on screen in it (Eysenck, 2006). Simon Chapman and Matthew C. Farrelly published an essay in the PLoS Medicine. They made four arguments in opposi tion to the change of rating of movies that have smoking scenes to adult. The first and foremost point they suggest is that those researches or studies that show the link between acceptance of smoking by teenagers at an early age and their exposure to movies or film scenes that have smoking in them are not in any way controlled, which means that they are free from any sort of manipulation of numerous other factors for instance alcohol, violence, recreation drug portrayal, coarse language and of course sexual content and also smoking. The next point they presented states, that any claims in regards to the exposure to smoking in the movies resulting in an increasing in smoking prevalence in youth is crudely reductionist, while at the same time blatantly ignoring the huge exposure to such scenarios of smoking littered elsewhere throughout the society. Thirdly they further state that in regards to the classification of movies to adult rating, it is a futile gesture since the children ca n access more of such material by using the more popular medium, the internet. Lastly they say there is a merit of concern over the assumption that in case any cause is felt rational enough, the state itself needs to implement the control censor on any and all the cultural artifacts for instance movies, arts, books and theatre that are present within its’ jurisdiction (Chapman & Farrelly, 2011). Discussion The beliefs which Matthew & Simon’